What are the cheapest airlines to fly from United Kingdom to Cameroon one-way?

£361 is the cheapest one-way deal found within the past few days, from Brussels Airlines. You may also be able to find cheap deals on Egyptair and RwandAir, with prices starting from £372 and £377, respectively.

How far in advance should I book a flight from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

To save up to 16% on this flight, we recommend booking at least 27 days prior to travel. The price may fluctuate and will likely increase closer to your departure date. Users on Cheapflights have found tickets from United Kingdom to Cameroon from £555 1-2 weeks out and tickets from £595 for flights departing within the next 72 hours.

What is the cheapest month to fly from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

May can be a great time to fly to Cameroon from United Kingdom with a flight ticket averaging about £632. Cheapflights users have found deals in the month of May for as cheap as £445. The most expensive prices can be found in the month of December.

Can I find deals for flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon that include hotel bookings?

Yes. In addition to deals on United Kingdom to Cameroon flights, Cheapflights offers holiday packages that include both flights and hotel.

How can I find direct flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon.

Can I find deals for business class flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from United Kingdom to Cameroon by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.

£521+ Flights from the United Kingdom to Cameroon

Cheap flight deals from United Kingdom to Cameroon

Round-trip from	£466
One-way from	£270

Brussels Airlines
28/2-14/3
2 total stops
25h 55m total
United Kingdom to Cameroon

Search Deals

26/2
3 total stops
26h 45m total
United Kingdom to Cameroon

Search Deals

Find flight deals from United Kingdom to Cameroon

Cheapest flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon
Explore the most affordable flight options available from United Kingdom to Cameroon. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 22 January 2025.

Fri 28/206:50LHR - DLA

1 stop10h 40mBrussels Airlines

Fri 14/319:50DLA - LHR

1 stop15h 15mBrussels Airlines

Deal found 21/1£466

Thu 6/316:45BHX - DLA

1 stop24h 45mBrussels Airlines

Sat 22/319:50DLA - BHX

1 stop21h 10mBrussels Airlines

Deal found 22/1£468

Wed 18/618:40LHR - DLA

2 stops23h 00mSWISS

Wed 8/1019:00DLA - LHR

3 stops22h 50mSWISS

Deal found 20/1£472

Mon 19/518:40MAN - DLA

3 stops23h 00mMultiple Airlines

Mon 2/619:00DLA - MAN

2 stops15h 20mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 21/1£473

Thu 30/106:10MAN - DLA

1 stop11h 20mBrussels Airlines

Sun 9/219:50DLA - MAN

2 stops15h 30mBrussels Airlines

Deal found 21/1£479

Mon 3/318:45LGW - DLA

2 stops22h 45mSWISS

Fri 14/319:50DLA - LGW

3 stops23h 00mSWISS

Deal found 21/1£481

Wed 23/418:40MAN - DLA

2 stops47h 00mSWISS

Fri 16/519:00DLA - MAN

3 stops37h 05mSWISS

Deal found 21/1£487

Thu 6/318:55BHX - DLA

2 stops22h 35mSWISS

Sat 22/319:50DLA - BHX

3 stops23h 15mSWISS

Deal found 22/1£490

Fri 14/207:10LHR - DLA

1 stop10h 20mMultiple Airlines

Fri 7/319:50DLA - LHR

3 stops18h 10mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 21/1£494

Wed 18/619:20LCY - DLA

2 stops22h 20mSWISS

Wed 8/1019:00DLA - LCY

3 stops22h 30mSWISS

Deal found 21/1£496

Mon 19/510:10LGW - DLA

1 stop14h 20mEthiopian Air

Mon 2/613:10DLA - LGW

1 stop17h 10mEthiopian Air

Deal found 21/1£503

Mon 3/315:45LGW - DLA

1 stop10h 50mRoyal Air Maroc

Fri 14/304:05DLA - LGW

2 stops35h 40mRoyal Air Maroc

Deal found 21/1£514

Best flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon
Discover carefully curated flight deals from United Kingdom to Cameroon that have cost, travel time, and stopovers in mind to ensure you get the best travel experience. Data last updated 22 January 2025.

Fri 28/206:50LHR - DLA

1 stop10h 40mBrussels Airlines

Fri 14/319:50DLA - LHR

1 stop15h 15mBrussels Airlines

Deal found 21/1£466

Wed 18/618:40LHR - DLA

2 stops23h 00mSWISS

Wed 8/1019:00DLA - LHR

3 stops22h 50mSWISS

Deal found 20/1£472

Mon 19/518:40MAN - DLA

3 stops23h 00mMultiple Airlines

Mon 2/619:00DLA - MAN

2 stops15h 20mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 21/1£473

Mon 19/510:10LGW - DLA

1 stop14h 20mEthiopian Air

Mon 2/613:10DLA - LGW

1 stop17h 10mEthiopian Air

Deal found 21/1£503

Mon 3/315:45LGW - DLA

1 stop10h 50mRoyal Air Maroc

Fri 14/304:05DLA - LGW

2 stops35h 40mRoyal Air Maroc

Deal found 21/1£514

Fri 28/320:30LHR - DLA

1 stop13h 10mRwandAir

Sat 3/517:10DLA - LHR

1 stop13h 10mRwandAir

Deal found 20/1£534

Mon 12/510:55LGW - DLA

2 stops14h 45mTurkish Airlines

Sun 18/500:40DLA - LGW

2 stops33h 15mTurkish Airlines

Deal found 21/1£646

Wed 18/619:45LHR - DLA

1 stop24h 45mAir France

Wed 8/1023:55DLA - LHR

1 stop13h 50mAir France

Deal found 21/1£726

Mon 7/715:00LHR - DLA

1 stop22h 40mEgyptair

Thu 31/714:40DLA - LHR

1 stop22h 55mEgyptair

Deal found 21/1£797

Thu 6/316:45BHX - DLA

1 stop24h 45mBrussels Airlines

Sat 22/319:50DLA - BHX

1 stop21h 10mBrussels Airlines

Deal found 22/1£468

Mon 3/318:45LGW - DLA

2 stops22h 45mSWISS

Fri 14/319:50DLA - LGW

3 stops23h 00mSWISS

Deal found 21/1£481

Fri 14/207:10LHR - DLA

1 stop10h 20mMultiple Airlines

Fri 7/319:50DLA - LHR

3 stops18h 10mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 21/1£494

Last-minute flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon
Discover last-minute flight deals from United Kingdom to Cameroon. Data last updated 22 January 2025 and is based on user searches.

Tue 28/118:30MAN - DLA

3 stops17h 55mEthiopian Air

Fri 7/213:10DLA - MAN

2 stops20h 15mEthiopian Air

Deal found 21/1£597

Wed 29/107:10LHR - DLA

1 stop10h 20mBrussels Airlines

Wed 12/219:50DLA - LHR

2 stops26h 00mBrussels Airlines

Deal found 22/1£494

Wed 29/118:50MAN - DLA

2 stops22h 40mSWISS

Sun 9/219:50DLA - MAN

3 stops37h 20mSWISS

Deal found 21/1£525

Thu 30/106:10MAN - DLA

1 stop11h 20mBrussels Airlines

Sun 9/219:50DLA - MAN

2 stops15h 30mBrussels Airlines

Deal found 21/1£479

Thu 30/118:50MAN - DLA

2 stops22h 40mMultiple Airlines

Sun 9/219:50DLA - MAN

2 stops15h 30mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 21/1£499

Thu 30/118:55BHX - DLA

2 stops22h 35mSWISS

Sun 9/219:50DLA - BHX

3 stops37h 05mSWISS

Deal found 21/1£503

Thu 30/116:45BHX - DLA

1 stop24h 45mBrussels Airlines

Sun 9/219:50DLA - BHX

1 stop21h 10mBrussels Airlines

Deal found 21/1£570

Thu 30/118:55BHX - DLA

2 stops22h 35mMultiple Airlines

Sun 9/219:50DLA - BHX

2 stops21h 10mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 21/1£577

Fri 31/117:10LHR - DLA

1 stop9h 25mRoyal Air Maroc

Thu 6/206:30DLA - LHR

1 stop10h 20mRoyal Air Maroc

Deal found 21/1£584

Sat 1/220:30LHR - DLA

2 stops16h 10mRwandAir

Sat 1/317:10DLA - LHR

1 stop14h 10mRwandAir

Deal found 21/1£570

Sat 1/207:10LHR - DLA

1 stop10h 20mMultiple Airlines

Sat 1/319:50DLA - LHR

3 stops18h 10mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 21/1£583

Sat 1/219:30LHR - DLA

2 stops22h 00mSWISS

Sat 1/319:50DLA - LHR

3 stops45h 30mSWISS

Deal found 21/1£614

One-way flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon
Search for one-way flight options from United Kingdom to Cameroon. Find affordable one-way fares based on user searches. Data last updated 22 January 2025.

Wed 26/220:50LHR - DLA

3 stops26h 45mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 21/1£270

Mon 3/306:25LTN - DLA

3 stops41h 10mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 21/1£272

Mon 3/310:40LGW - DLA

2 stops36h 55mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 21/1£281

Mon 3/307:10LHR - DLA

1 stop10h 20mBrussels Airlines

Deal found 21/1£361

Wed 26/214:00LHR - DLA

1 stop22h 50mEgyptair

Deal found 21/1£372

Tue 28/120:30LHR - DLA

1 stop13h 00mRwandAir

Deal found 21/1£377

Tue 28/114:00LHR - DLA

1 stop9h 35mAir Algerie

Deal found 20/1£381

Mon 3/313:30LCY - DLA

2 stops28h 00mSWISS

Deal found 21/1£401

Mon 3/310:00LGW - DLA

1 stop13h 30mEthiopian Air

Deal found 21/1£417

Tue 28/120:15LHR - DLA

2 stops16h 10mEthiopian Air

Deal found 21/1£476

Tue 28/118:40LHR - DLA

2 stops22h 50mSWISS

Deal found 21/1£568

Find flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon within your budget

Fly from

Fly to

Route

Depart

Return

Price

LondonDouala

LHR - DLA

LHRDLA

London Heathrow

Fri 28/2

06:50-18:30

1 stop10h 40m

Douala

Fri 14/3

19:50-10:05

1 stop15h 15m

£466

BirminghamDouala

BHX - DLA

BHXDLA

Birmingham

Thu 6/3

16:45-18:30

1 stop24h 45m

Douala

Sat 22/3

19:50-16:00

1 stop21h 10m

£468

LondonDouala

LHR - DLA

LHRDLA

London Heathrow

Wed 18/6

18:40-17:40

2 stops23h 00m

Douala

Wed 8/10

19:00-17:50

3 stops22h 50m

£472

ManchesterDouala

MAN - DLA

MANDLA

Manchester

Mon 19/5

18:40-17:40

3 stops23h 00m

Douala

Mon 2/6

19:00-10:20

2 stops15h 20m

£473

LondonDouala

LGW - DLA

LGWDLA

London Gatwick

Mon 3/3

18:45-18:30

2 stops22h 45m

Douala

Fri 14/3

19:50-17:50

3 stops23h 00m

£481

ManchesterDouala

MAN - DLA

MANDLA

Manchester

Mon 19/5

06:05-17:40

1 stop11h 35m

Douala

Mon 2/6

19:00-10:20

2 stops15h 20m

£482

ManchesterDouala

MAN - DLA

MANDLA

Manchester

Wed 23/4

18:40-17:40

2 stops47h 00m

Douala

Fri 16/5

19:00-08:05

3 stops37h 05m

£487

BirminghamDouala

BHX - DLA

BHXDLA

Birmingham

Thu 6/3

18:55-18:30

2 stops22h 35m

Douala

Sat 22/3

19:50-18:05

3 stops23h 15m

£490

LondonDouala

LHR - DLA

LHRDLA

London Heathrow

Fri 14/2

07:10-18:30

1 stop10h 20m

Douala

Fri 7/3

19:50-13:00

3 stops18h 10m

£494

LondonDouala

LCY - DLA

LCYDLA

London City

Wed 18/6

19:20-17:40

2 stops22h 20m

Douala

Wed 8/10

19:00-17:30

3 stops22h 30m

£496

Flights are sorted by cheapest return flights first.

Deals found on 21/1

Showing 1-10 of 41 results

...

Best time to book a flight from United Kingdom to Cameroon

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to Cameroon from United Kingdom with our price prediction graph.

Estimated return price

Rates are based on past data. Find the cheapest month and day to book your flight based on your travel requirements, then search for cheap deals.

Travel insights for flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon

Get recent, data-driven insights about flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon including ideal travel times, pricing trends, and more.

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

Currently, April is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from United Kingdom to Cameroon (average of £658). Flying from United Kingdom to Cameroon in July is currently the most expensive (average of £1,055). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.

What is the cheapest time of day to fly from GB to CM?

When flying from United Kingdom to Cameroon, the time of day you decide to fly out makes little to no difference towards the overall price you’ll pay on tickets.

Rainfall in Cameroon by month

In terms of precipitation, rainfall in Cameroon ranges from 50.0 - 620.0 inches per month. July is typically the wettest month, when rainfall can reach 620.0 mm. January is typically the driest time to visit Cameroon when rainfall is around 50.0 mm.

Temperature in Cameroon by month

If weather is an important factor for your trip to Cameroon, use this chart to help with planning. For those seeking warmer temperatures, January is the ideal time of year to visit, when temperatures reach an average of 27.0 C. Travellers hoping to avoid the cold should look outside of July, when temperatures are typically at their lowest (around 25.0 C).

Reviews of airlines servicing Cameroon

Read reviews from past customers who have flown Air France, SWISS and Egyptair from United Kingdom to Cameroon. You can also see how each airline stacks up in terms of entertainment options, comfort, food, crew/service, and boarding process.

KLM

7.8

Good

1,341 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 10

I could not select a seat prior to check in as systems not integrated. Different PNRs should be on reservation which would make process easier.

KLM

7.8

Good

1,341 reviews

KLM

7.8

Good

1,341 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 10

I could not select a seat prior to check in as systems not integrated. Different PNRs should be on reservation which would make process easier.

SWISS

7.5

Good

1,600 reviews

KLM

7.8

Good

1,341 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 10

I could not select a seat prior to check in as systems not integrated. Different PNRs should be on reservation which would make process easier.

Air France

7.4

Good

1,490 reviews

KLM

7.8

Good

1,341 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 10

I could not select a seat prior to check in as systems not integrated. Different PNRs should be on reservation which would make process easier.

Brussels Airlines

7.4

Good

349 reviews

KLM

7.8

Good

1,341 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 10

I could not select a seat prior to check in as systems not integrated. Different PNRs should be on reservation which would make process easier.

Turkish Airlines

7.3

Good

3,931 reviews

KLM

7.8

Good

1,341 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 10

I could not select a seat prior to check in as systems not integrated. Different PNRs should be on reservation which would make process easier.

Related info for your journey

What are the cheapest airlines to fly from United Kingdom to Cameroon one-way?
£361 is the cheapest one-way deal found within the past few days, from Brussels Airlines. You may also be able to find cheap deals on Egyptair and RwandAir, with prices starting from £372 and £377, respectively.
Can I find deals for flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon that include hotel bookings?
Yes. In addition to deals on United Kingdom to Cameroon flights, Cheapflights offers holiday packages that include both flights and hotel.
How can I find direct flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon?
After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon.
Can I find deals for business class flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon?
Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from United Kingdom to Cameroon by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.
What is the cheapest month to book a flight from United Kingdom to Cameroon?
Currently, April is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from United Kingdom to Cameroon (average of £658). Flying from United Kingdom to Cameroon in July is currently the most expensive (average of £1,055). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.

See more FAQs

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Alternative routes for United Kingdom to Cameroon

Heathrow to Lagos flights

Heathrow to Marrakech flights

Heathrow to OR Tambo flights

Heathrow to Cape Town flights

Gatwick to Lagos flights

Heathrow to Jomo Kenyatta Intl flights

Heathrow to Cairo flights

Heathrow to Accra flights

Gatwick to Marrakech flights

London City to Marrakech flights

Stansted to Marrakech flights

London City to Lagos flights

Stansted to Lagos flights

Gatwick to Port Louis flights

Gatwick to OR Tambo flights

Luton to Marrakech flights

London City to Cape Town flights

Stansted to Cape Town flights

Heathrow to Port Louis flights

Stansted to OR Tambo flights

London City to OR Tambo flights

London City to Cairo flights

Gatwick to Hurghada flights

Gatwick to Cairo flights

Luton to Hurghada flights

Gatwick to Sharm el-Sheikh flights

Stansted to Cairo flights

Stansted to Port Louis flights

Heathrow to Harare flights

London City to Accra flights

London City to Port Louis flights

Gatwick to Accra flights

Gatwick to Algiers flights

Gatwick to Jomo Kenyatta Intl flights

Gatwick to Cape Town flights

Stansted to Jomo Kenyatta Intl flights

London City to Jomo Kenyatta Intl flights

Luton to Sharm el-Sheikh flights

Heathrow to Hurghada flights

London City to Hurghada flights

Manchester to Lagos flights

Heathrow to Algiers flights

Stansted to Accra flights

Heathrow to Entebbe flights

Manchester to Marrakech flights

Heathrow to Agadir flights

Stansted to Hurghada flights

Heathrow to Abuja flights

London City to Algiers flights

Heathrow to Sharm el-Sheikh flights

Top 8 airlines flying from United Kingdom to Cameroon

Airline	Cheapest	Average	Flexibility	On-time
Brussels Airlines	Cheapest£346	Average£638	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-timeN/A	Search Brussels Airlines flights
Ethiopian Air	Cheapest£453	Average£922	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time72%	Search Ethiopian Air flights
Turkish Airlines	Cheapest£458	Average£719	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time77%	Search Turkish Airlines flights
SWISS	Cheapest£466	Average£766	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time79%	Search SWISS flights
RwandAir	Cheapest£507	Average£549	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-timeN/A	Search RwandAir flights
Egyptair	Cheapest£534	Average£803	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-timeN/A	Search Egyptair flights
Air France	Cheapest£549	Average£832	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time77%	Search Air France flights
Royal Air Maroc	Cheapest£578	Average£872	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time75%	Search Royal Air Maroc flights

Fly with Cheapflights

How does Cheapflights help users find flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

900+ travel sites are searched through when a user searches for a flight using Cheapflights. From the search interface, users can use filters to choose airlines, airports, flight times, cabin classes and more to their preference. Book your flight to Cameroon from United Kingdom today with Cheapflights!

Why should you use Cheapflights to find cheap flight tickets from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

Cheapflights helps you find that perfect flight to Cameroon from United Kingdom by searching from hundreds of airlines and agencies you know and love. We are also free to use, in case you were wondering!

Can Cheapflights find flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon with no change fees?

Certainly. Search results for flights to Cameroon from United Kingdom shown to you on Cheapflights can be narrowed down with different useful search filters, which includes flexible booking options.

Can Cheapflights notify me if prices for flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon become cheaper?

Yes, and it’s super simple to set up. Click the bell icon next to the flight deals above and provide a valid email address to enable Price Alerts. That’s it!

100% Free

Cheapflights is completely free to use, so you can start saving the moment you arrive.

Book with Flexibility

Our users can plan ahead with confidence and find flights with no change fees

Travel Smart

Millions of people come to us for their flight needs every year. We help make travel planning easy by providing useful insights and data-driven graphs that can inform your decisions.

Cheap flights from the United Kingdom to Cameroon from £270

This is the cheapest one-way flight price found by a Cheapflights user in the last 72 hours by searching for a flight departing on 26/2. Fares are subject to change and may not be available on all flights or dates of travel.

Cheap flight deals from United Kingdom to Cameroon

Round-trip from

One-way from

Find flight deals from United Kingdom to Cameroon

Cheapest flights from United Kingdom to CameroonExplore the most affordable flight options available from United Kingdom to Cameroon. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 22 January 2025.

Explore the most affordable flight options available from United Kingdom to Cameroon. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 22 January 2025.

Find flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon within your budget

Best time to book a flight from United Kingdom to Cameroon

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to Cameroon from United Kingdom with our price prediction graph.

Travel insights for flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon

Get recent, data-driven insights about flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon including ideal travel times, pricing trends, and more.

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

What is the cheapest time of day to fly from GB to CM?

Find hourly flight availability from United Kingdom to Cameroon. Discover flight options and departure times throughout the day, allowing you to choose a departure time that suits your schedule. Data last updated 22 January 2025.

Rainfall in Cameroon by month

Plan your trip to Cameroon by taking into account the average rainfall totals by month.

Temperature in Cameroon by month

Plan your trip to Cameroon by taking into account the average temperature totals by month.

Reviews of airlines servicing Cameroon

Read reviews from past customers who have flown Air France, SWISS and Egyptair from United Kingdom to Cameroon. You can also see how each airline stacks up in terms of entertainment options, comfort, food, crew/service, and boarding process.

Related info for your journey

Find useful and relevant information for your journey from United Kingdom to Cameroon. Access travel guides, tips, and recommendations to enhance your travel experience. Get information about local attractions, weather, transportation options, and more.

What are the cheapest airlines to fly from United Kingdom to Cameroon one-way?

Can I find deals for flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon that include hotel bookings?

How can I find direct flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

Can I find deals for business class flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Toggle through the tabs below to find thousands of options on Cheapflights for your next trip.

Alternative routes for United Kingdom to Cameroon

See prices for flight routes from nearby airports that may be better suited for you.

Top 8 airlines flying from United Kingdom to Cameroon

Fly with Cheapflights

Find the best flight deals on Cheapflights, where travellers can enjoy low prices and a wide availability of flights to their desired destinations.

How does Cheapflights help users find flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

Why should you use Cheapflights to find cheap flight tickets from United Kingdom to Cameroon?

Can Cheapflights find flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon with no change fees?

Can Cheapflights notify me if prices for flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon become cheaper?

100% Free

Book with Flexibility

Travel Smart

Cheapest flights from United Kingdom to Cameroon
Explore the most affordable flight options available from United Kingdom to Cameroon. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 22 January 2025.